Looking out the north end of the Murray Hill Tunnel towards the station in 1880; note the labels for the New York, Harlem and New York, and New Haven Railroads; the New York Central and Hudson River was off to the left. Cornelius Vanderbilt. He provided the initial gift to found Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt used the leverage of a lawsuit to recover his losses, but he and Gould became public enemies. Television journalist and author Anderson Cooper, who is a descendant of the Vanderbilt family, chronicles the familys life and wealth in his 2021 book, Vanderbilt: The Rise and Fall of an American Dynasty. Vanderbilt had little choice but to lease it to the War Department, at prices set by ship brokers. Updates? List of the members of the Vanderbilt family, listed alphabetically with photos when available. Born Gloria Laura Vanderbilt in Manhattan, she was the only heir of railroad heir Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt's father. However, on July 22, 1988, he jumped off their New York City penthouse apartment which was located on the fourteenth floor. the Metropolitan Opera in 1883. She attended Greenvale School on Long Island; Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut; and the Wheeler School in Providence, Rhode Island. It helped bottle up the Virginia, after which Vanderbilt converted it into a cruiser to hunt for the Confederate commerce raider Alabama, captained by Raphael Semmes. Ms. Crawford's great-grandfather, was a brother to Phebe Hand Vanderbilt (the Commodore's mother) and to Elizabeth Hand Johnson (the Commodore's former mother-in-law and maternal aunt). It helped bottle up the Virginia, after which Vanderbilt converted it into a cruiser to hunt for the Confederate commerce raider Alabama, captained by Raphael Semmes. During the 1830s, textile mills were built in large numbers in New England as the United States developed its manufacturing base. 3D WALKTHROUGH. Through 3/6 at 9 am Eastern time, they are offering Gloria Vanderbilt Denim Jeans, Shorts & Jackets for just $14.99 (reg. Also on the train was former president John Quincy Adams. Most of Vanderbilt's ancestry was English, with his last ancestor of Dutch origin being Jacob Vanderbilt, his grandfather. [13], In November 1855, Vanderbilt began to buy control of Accessory Transit once again. By cutting fares on competing lines, Vanderbilt drove down the Stonington stock price, and took over the presidency of the company in 1847, the first of the many railroads he would head. By cutting fares on competing lines, Vanderbilt drove down the Stonington stock price, and took over the presidency of the company in 1847. In 1969 she was elected to the Fashion Hall of Fame. [13] During the 1850s, he also bought control of a major shipyard and the Allaire Iron Works, a leading manufacturer of marine steam engines, in Manhattan. : In 1855, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt donated 45 acres (18ha) of property to the Moravian Church and Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island, New York. arts. Edmund Randolph, a close friend of Walker, coerced the Accessory Transit's San Francisco agent, Cornelius K. Garrison, into opposing Vanderbilt. The New York legislature had granted Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston a thirty-year legal monopoly on steamboat traffic. It was finished in 1871, and served as his lines' terminus in New York. . Fashion icon, actress, and heiress Gloria Vanderbilt has died at the age of 95, her son Anderson Cooper confirmed. for the fine arts. A maid testified to seeing the glamorous widow Vanderbilt bathing her feet in Champagne and gave evidence of an apparent lesbian relationship with a member of the British royal family, the marchioness of Milford Haven (ne Nadjeda, Countess Torby, who married a nephew of Queen Mary); her mother eventually lost custody to Gloria's aunt Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney but litigation continued. He bought control of the Hudson River Railroad in 1864, the New York Central Railroad in 1867, and the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway in 1869. An error has occured while loading the map. Early years Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in Staten Island, New York on May 27, 1794 to Cornelius van Derbilt and Phebe Hand. The fourth son and youngest child of William Henry Vanderbilt (1821 - 1885) and his wife Maria Louisa Kissam, George II was named after . being honorable, shrewd, and hard-working. Watch this to see how the Vanderbilt Family lost their entire fortune.#Vanderbilt #Famous #FortuneThe Commodore started it all | 0:22Money brought anxiety fo. ne Cross, Ethelinda Allen, Elizabeth Eliza Osgood, Emily Elmira Thorn, Sophia Johnson Torrance, Maria Louisa Vanderbilt, Frances Lavinia Eleanora Van Duzer, Mary Polly Simonson, Charlotte Egbert, Jacob Hand Vanderbilt, Jane Barton, son to distribute among his most valued friends. in Staten Island, New York, USA , United States, Died on January 04, 1877 The Gilded Age centers around the Russells as they attempt to become a part of New York's high society.In real life, the Vanderbilt family had a similar trajectory. In his will, he disowned all his sons except for William, who was as ruthless in business as his father and the only one Cornelius believed capable of maintaining the business empire. Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants went on to build grand mansions on Fifth Avenue in New York City; luxurious "summer cottages" in Newport, Rhode Island; the palatial Biltmore House in Asheville, North Carolina; and various other opulent homes. Born into a farming family, his father also worked as a boatman, operating a small business which transported goods between Staten Island and New York City. He was the eldest son of Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt, an heir to his fortune and a prominent member of the Vanderbilt family. Geni requires JavaScript! Gloria Vanderbilt was called the "poor little rich girl" after a battle for her custody made tabloid headlines in the 1930s, CNN said. a land of opportunity, they became a royal family. In early 1853, he took his family on a grand tour of Europe in his steamship yacht, the North Star. 1 Bath. George Washington Vanderbilt was the youngest child of industrialist William Henry Vanderbilt and his wife Maria Louisa Kissam. was exposed to the latest modern conveniences, refrigeration and But the new Nicaraguan government refused to allow Vanderbilt to restart the transit business, so he started a line by way of Panama, eventually constructing a monopoly on the California steamship business. By the early 1970s, none of the 120 Vanderbilt descendants had even a million dollars to their name. He lived modestly, leaving his descendants to build the Vanderbilt houses that characterize America's Gilded Age. York. [11], When the California gold rush began in 1849, Vanderbilt switched from regional steamboat lines to ocean-going steamships. The Commodore stated that he believed William Henry was the only heir capable of maintaining the business empire. Daughter of Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt and Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt mansion was decorated in European style, accenting the architectural After their divorce in 1945, she married conductor Leopold Stokowski, and they had two sons prior to their divorce in 1955. Cooper's mother, Gloria Vanderbilt, was the great-great-granddaughter of railroad and shipping tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt, nicknamed, the "Commodore." The first Vanderbilt came to the United. She had a drive to make a name for herself and to find love and build a family and have successes of her own and money of her own, Cooper told The Washington Post. [7], On November 8, 1833, Vanderbilt was nearly killed in a mugging in New Jersey. But he proved himself a good businessman, and eventually became the head of the Staten Island Railway. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Their success began with the shipping and railroad empires of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and the family expanded into various other areas of industry and philanthropy. Research devoted solely to this person has either not yet . in New York, New York, USA, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Commodore VANDERBILT (1794), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Looking out the north end of the Murray Hill Tunnel towards the station in 1880; note the labels for the New York, Harlem and New York, and New Haven Railroads; the New York Central and Hudson River was off to the left. American Civil War When the Civil War began in 1861, Vanderbilt attempted to donate his largest steamship, the Vanderbilt, to the Union Navy. he showed little interest in the family's financial business. They gained fame in American society by building the shipping and various businesses. Father of Phebe Jane Gross; Elizabeth Osgood; William Henry 'Billy' Vanderbilt; Emily Almira Thorn; Sophia Johnson Torrance and 7 others; Maria Louisa Clark; Frances Lavinia Vanderbilt; Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt; Ethelinda Allen; Mary Alicia La Bau; Catherine Juliette Lafitte and George Washington Vanderbilt less The custody battle gained national media attention. Using the name "The People's Line," he used the populist language associated with Democratic president Andrew Jackson to get popular support for his business. When Vanderbilt entered his new position, Gibbons was fighting against a steamboat monopoly in New York waters, which had been granted by the New York State Legislature to the politically influential patrician Robert Livingston and Robert Fulton, who had designed the steamboat. Garrison brought Charles Morgan in New York into the plan. Georges family Gloria Laura Vanderbilt County of New York, New York City 20.02.1924 Parents Father: Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt * 1880 Mother: Gloria Laura Mercedes Morgan * 23.08.1904 MarriagesMarriage I: 1941 Pasquale DiCicco Marriage II: 21.04.1945 Antoni Stanislaw Boleslawowicz * 18.04.1882 Marriage III: 28.08.1956 Sidney Lumet * 25.06.1924 Vanderbilt proposed a canal across Nicaragua, which was closer to the United States and was spanned most of the way across by Lake Nicaragua and the San Juan River. Vanderbilt brought his eldest son Billy in as vice-president of the Harlem. up for the Blue Ridge Highlander Newsletter, Messages from the Mountains, Sign The family's progenitor was a Dutch farmer named Jan Aertsen Vanderbilt who came to New Amsterdam (now New York) in 1640 when he was 13 years old in order to have a better life. An error has occured while loading the map. He also built a home on Fifth Avenue and would become one of the great architectural patrons of the Gilded Age, hiring the architects for (the third, and surviving) Grand Central Terminal. old, Apr 10 1945 - Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Feb 20 1924 - New York City, New York, United States, June 17 2019 - New York City, New York, United States, Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt, Mercedes Gloria Vanderbilt, Mexico, April 22 was disclosed today that Orchestra Leader, Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States, "organization, and reaction of delegates, May 4 1945 - Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia, Apr 23 1945 - Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, gossip :losely linked their names. ), According to "The Wealthy 100" by Michael Klepper and Robert Gunther, Vanderbilt would be worth $143 billion in 2007 dollars, if his total wealth as a share of the nation's GDP in 1877 were taken and applied in that same proportion in 2007, making him the third-wealthiest person in American history after Rockefeller and Carnegie. To accomplish this, he undercut prices, and also brought a legal case to the United States Supreme Court to overturn the monopoly. As a well-known journalist and author, Cooper has a net worth of about $50 million, according to CelebrityNetWorth.com. Cornelius Vanderbilt II was an American socialite, businessman, and a member of the prominent United States Vanderbilt family. It was the first of the many railroads he would head. He was also known as a philanthropist, displaying In 1864, the Commodore sold his last ships, concentrating on railroads, Once in charge of the Harlem, Vanderbilt encountered conflicts with connecting lines. Gloria Vanderbilt received her education at the Art Students League in New York City, studying drawing, anatomy and painting. a life of privilege, wealth, education, travel and having a taste Born 25 Jan 1692 in Long Island, Province of New York Ancestors Son of Aert Jansz Vanderbilt and Hildegonde (Rems) Reims Brother of Jan Aris Vanderbilt, Annatje Aertse Van der Bilt, Jannetje Aertse Van Der Bilt, Rem Aertse (van de Bilt) van der Bilt, Aert (van de Bilt) van der Bilt, Jeremyas Aertse Vanderbilt and Catlyntje Vanderbilt The Gilded Age's Vanderbilt family was considered a new-money family because, unlike the old money families, the Vanderbilts were not prominent before the American Revolution. "On Monday I became . In the 1840s, he launched a campaign to take over the most attractive of these lines, the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad, popularly known as the Stonington. I needed it more in my 20s and 30s. Policy. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Vanderbilt directed that weak and undesirable trees be removed first and that after an area had been selectively cut over, new trees be planted. She married, fourthly, in 1964, author Wyatt Emory Cooper; they had two sons, Carter Vanderbilt Cooper (1965-1988), and newsman Anderson Cooper (born 1967). They moved into a boarding house on Broad Street in Manhattan. After his father's death in 1885, he lived with his mother at 640 Fifth Avenue until his own townhouse at 9 West 53rd Street was . He inherited nearly $100 million from his father. So he negotiated with Costa Rica, which (along with the other Central American republics) had declared war on Walker. This family is basically of Dutch origin. He also hired the attorney Daniel Webster to argue his case before the United States Supreme Court; Vanderbilt won, thereby establishing an early precedent for the United States' first laws of interstate commerce. Oftentimes the family trees listed as still in progress have derived from research into famous people who have a kinship to this person. In fact, he, along with other members of the Vanderbilt family, helped erect a local Moravian parish church in his city. Wealth, up for the Blue Ridge Highlander Newsletter, Messages from the Mountains, Great Mountain Attractions and Destinations, Magazine, Virtual Tours and Scenic Road Trips, Living Green and Eco Friendly in the Mountains, Mysteries, Myths and Legends in the Mountains, Conference, Meeting and Retreat Facilities, Vineyards Wineries Tasting Rooms, Theatre Concerts Mountain Entertainment, Blue Ridge Highlander Mountain Emporium and Art Gallery, Artists, Art Galleries and Art Associations in the Mountains, Museums, History and Culture in the Mountains, Rivers, Creeks and Trout Streams in the Mountains. A [16], Though Vanderbilt had relinquished his presidency of the Stonington Railroad during the California gold rush, he took an interest in several railroads during the 1850s, serving on the boards of directors of the Erie Railway, the New Jersey Central, the New Haven and Hartford, and the New York and Harlem (popularly known as the Harlem). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Cornelius Vanderbilt's great-great-grandfather, Jan Aertson or Aertzoon, was a Dutch farmer from the village of De Bilt in Utrecht, Netherlands, who immigrated to New York as an indentured servant in 1650. It was considered To explore the genealogy - visit the page of The Commodore . Fashion designer. It was in the 1830s when he was first referred to as "commodore," then the highest rank in the United States Navy. That's up to 78% off the regular price. They processed cotton from the Deep South, so were directly tied to the slave societies. Family Photos. On April 20, 1940, Mrs. Anne Harriman Vanderbilt, wife of William Kissam Vanderbilt, passed away in New York. In the end, he could not attract enough investment to build the canal, but he did start a steamship line to Nicaragua, and founded the Accessory Transit Company to carry passengers across Nicaragua by steamboat on the lake and river, with a 12-mile carriage road between the Pacific port of San Juan del Sur and Virgin Bay on Lake Nicaragua. It's all part of the family tree. [6] However, according to the first account of his life, published in 1853, the periauger belonged to his father and the younger Vanderbilt received half the profit. Randolph convinced Walker to annul the charter of the Accessory Transit Company, and give the transit rights and company steamboats to him; Randolph sold these to Garrison. Sign View Site Vanderbilt Family Tree | Vanderbilt, Family tree, Wealth Vanderbilt eventually drove the Collins Line into extinction. At the age of 16 Vanderbilt decided to start his own ferry service. Billy had had a nervous breakdown early in life, and his father had sent him to a farm on Staten Island. Ms. Crawford herself was 43 years younger than her husband-to-be, Vanderbilt. so sure William Henry had his sense for business, although driven 6 replies. Of the fourth generation, Cornelius son Cornelius III (18731942) was a financier. New York Central Railroad. Vanderbilt Family Tree 8667 views. Job Responsibilities. Shortly before his death in 1877, Vanderbilt donated US$1 million (equivalent to $25million in 2021) for the establishment of Vanderbilt University in Nashville. Media Inquiries. The map below shows the places where the ancestors of the famous person lived. he was considered the wealthiest industrialist of the time. The case is still considered a landmark ruling, and is considered the basis for much of the prosperity the United States later enjoyed. Market Realist is a registered trademark. It was in the 1830s when he was first referred to as "commodore," then the highest rank in the United States Navy. Vanderbilt also proved a quick study in legal matters, representing Gibbons in meetings with lawyers. Impressed, Vanderbilt became a secret partner with Drew for the next thirty years, so that the two men would have an incentive to avoid competing with each other. From 1954 to 1963, she dedicated herself to acting and appeared in live and filmed television shows such as "Playhouse 90," "The Dick Powell Show," and "The Love Boat." In April 2016 they were the subject of the HBO documentary "Nothing Left Unsaid: Gloria Vanderbilt & Anderson Cooper," featuring a series of conversations between mother and son. William Henry, who outlived his father by just eight years, increased the profitability of his father's holdings, increased the reach of the New York Central Railroad, and doubled the Vanderbilt wealth. Around 1979, the Murjani Corporation, which owned one of her apparel licenses, approached Gloria to design a line of jeans. While he was away, White conspired with Charles Morgan, Vanderbilt's erstwhile ally, to betray him, and deny him money he was owed by the Accessory Transit Company. The Vanderbilt family is an American family who gained prominence during the Gilded Age. Her Father Died When She Was a Baby, Leading to a Fierce Custody Battle Between Her Mother & Her Aunt. From Manhattan it ran up to Chatham Four Corners, New York, where it had a connection to the railroads running east and west. [24] His family (see below) has done much the same. Cornelius Vanderbilt Gender Male Age 67 Date of birth Tuesday 28 Aug 1764 Birth place Essex County, New Jersey, USA Date of death: 20 May 1832 Place of death Staten Island, Richmond County (Staten Island), New York, USA Cornelius Vanderbilt Siblings Married 9 children together 5 Feb 1787 Phebe Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt Children She holds honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degrees from Moore College of Art in Philadelphia and the International Fine Arts College in Miami. Welcome to the Vanderbilt Family page at Surname Finder, a service of Genealogy Today. Cornelius Vanderbilt's descendants went on to build grand mansions on Fifth Avenue in New York City; luxurious 'summer cottages . But he proved himself a good businessman, and eventually became the head of the Staten Island Railway. [5]. He later explained that he wanted to show that he could take this railroad, which was generally considered worthless, and make it valuable. The Cecils divorced in 1934, and Cornelia left the estate, never to return. According to one version of events, he borrowed $100 from his mother to purchase a periauger (a shallow draft, two-masted sailing vessel), which he christened the Swiftsure. the largest and most splendid house in Manhattan. in order to build a ferry service on New York Bay. The third generation of Vanderbiltsfollowing Cornelius and William Henry Vanderbilt was led by three of William Henry's four sons: Cornelius (1843-99), William Kissam (1849-1920), and George Washington (1862-1914). Their success began with the shipping and railroad empires of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and the family expanded into various other areas of industry and philanthropy. in railroads including the New York Central bringing into his coffers He built his wealth in shipping and railroads and was the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family and one of the richest Americans in history (adjusted wealth: $205 billion). Username and password are case sensitive. I will ruin you. Nearby homes similar to 1143 Vanderbilt have recently sold between $269K to $271K at an average of $315 per square foot. up for the Blue Ridge Highlander Newsletter, Messages from the Mountains 615-322-6397 Email; Latest Stories. Their mother described it to be a psychotic episode that resulted from an allergic reaction to the anti-asthma medication, Salbutamol. [20] Crawford was 43 years younger than her husband. At the time of his death, aged 82, Vanderbilt had a fortune estimated at $100 million. Biltmore House officially opened to family and friends on Christmas Eve, 1895. He built the first of what would become many grand Vanderbilt mansions on Fifth Avenue, at 640 Fifth Avenue. The Commodore [1] [2] or Commodore Vanderbilt [3], was an American entrepreneur who built his wealth in shipping and railroads and was the patriarch of the Vanderbilt family. $269,000 Last Sold Price. Cornelius Vanderbilt, also known as "The Commodore," has about 100 million dollars of fortune throughout his life. George Washington Vanderbilt was born in 1862 to William Henry and Maria Louisa Vanderbilt. Their success began with the shipping and railroad empires of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and the family expanded into various other areas of industry and philanthropy. County of New York, New York City 20.02.1924, Father: Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt * 1880, Mother: Gloria Laura Mercedes Morgan * 23.08.1904, Antoni Stanislaw Boleslawowicz * 18.04.1882, Vanderbilt, Gloria (Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt-Cooper). In 1979 she was awarded Brandeis Universitys National Womens Committee Major Book Collection award. Order Ascending; Order Descending; Miningman. The Vanderbilt family has held prominence in the world dating back many years, so it's no wonder that many people have a fascination with its members. She was born 20th of february 1924 in New York City. Through his paternal great-great grandmother, Abigail Southard, he descends from Republic of Sal President Jan Janszoon and his son Anthony Janszoon van Salee. Anderson Cooper Brother. Your e-mail addresses will not be sold or given away to anyone. He is the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360. Featuring famous relatives, descendants still living today, and more, this list has it all. Starting with a single boat, he grew his fleet until he was competing with Robert Fulton for dominance of the New York waterways, his energy and eagerness earning him the nickname "Commodore", a United States Navy title for a captain of a small task force. The case is still considered a landmark ruling, and is considered the basis for much of the prosperity the United States later enjoyed, After Thomas Gibbons died in 1826, Vanderbilt worked for his son, William Gibbons, until 1829. To his younger surviving son, Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt, whom he regarded as a wastrel, he left the income from a $200,000 trust fund. Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles refused it, thinking its operation and maintenance too expensive for what he expected to be a short war. a second fortune, with the sum total of one hundred million dollars. But the new Nicaraguan government refused to allow Vanderbilt to restart the transit business, so he started a line by way of Panama, eventually constructing a monopoly on the California steamship business. In each case, the strife ended in a battle that Vanderbilt won. The Vanderbilt family is known as one of the most prominent families in the United States. The immediate cause of his death was exhaustion, brought on by long suffering from a complication of chronic disorders. was all about to change. He began displaying At the time of his death, aged 82, Cornelius Vanderbilt's fortune was estimated at $100 million. During the 1970s, Gloria licensed the use of her name on lines of fashion eyeglasses, perfume and clothing. in Manhattan. fortune, George took to an even greater height, the qualities the The miniseries garnered six Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award. Crawford's cousin's husband, Holland McTyeire, convinced Vanderbilt to endow what would become Vanderbilt University, named in his honor. He avoided capture by those who sought to arrest him and impound the ship. That year he faced opposition by a steamboat operated by Daniel Drew, who forced Vanderbilt to buy him out. The Dutch "van der" (of the) was eventually added to Aertson's village name to create "van der bilt", which was eventually condensed to Vanderbilt. His wife received US$500,000, their New York City home, and 2,000 shares of common stock in New York Central Railroad. Walker was forced to give up, and was conducted out of the country by a U.S. Navy officer. He and his wife had 13 children, 12 of whom survived childhood. 2 Beds. The boy foolishly took away the ladder and started pelting her with apples. The only child of American railroad heir Reginald Claypoole Vanderbilt (1880-1925) and his wife, Gloria Laura Mercedes Morgan (1904-1965), a beautiful Swiss-born socialite of American, Chilean, Spanish, and Irish descent, little Gloria became heiress to a four million dollar trust fund on her father's death when she was 2 years old. His wife received $500,000, their New York City home, and 2,000 shares of common stock in the New York Central Railroad. . Many of the migrants to California, and almost all of the gold returning to the East Coast, went by steamship to Panama, where mule trains and canoes provided transportation across the isthmus. Randolph convinced Walker to annul the charter of the Accessory Transit Company, and give the transit rights and company steamboats to him; Randolph then sold them to Garrison. The Commodore left the majority of his enormous fortune to his eldest son, William Henry Vanderbilt. Three of his daughters and son, Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt, contested the will on the grounds that their father had insane delusions and was of unsound mind. He was born on January 27, 1965. [14], In November 1855, Vanderbilt began to buy control of Accessory Transit once again. A court petition from that time shows she was paid $225,000 a year for the licensing agreement plus a percentage of net profits. They were born into it, and they thought it would last forever.. Of the three, Cornelius was by far the most devoted to furthering the familys business and investment interests. In 1979 she was the recipient of the Silver Spirit of Life Award from the City of Hope in California. he got mugged by the former president John Quincy Adams. In early 1853, he took his family on a grand tour of Europe in his steamship yacht, the North Star. Having studied at the Art Students League in New York Gloria had several successful one-woman shows of her oil paintings.